Family Health Assessment Essay

Conducting a family health assessment utilizing a functional health patterns assessment is the first step in the nursing process to create health care plans for the individual or family. A thorough assessment lays the groundwork to promote family health. (Mandle, 2010, p. 175)The purpose of this paper is to look at one families view of their health and develop two wellness nursing diagnoses. The author developed several questions relating to each of Gordon’s eleven functional health patterns to use in the family interview. The family chosen for this assignment is composed of a grandmother 55 years of age and her grandson age thirteen and granddaughter age fifteen. The family resides in a rural setting in Arizona. The grandmother has had guardianship of her grandchildren for twelve years. Health perception and management focuses on the individuals perceived health and well-being, and on health maintenance practices. (Koshar, n. d. ) The family perceives their overall health to be good. The grandmother reports no chronic health conditions and considers herself to be in good health for her age. The children are healthy and have not experienced any serious illness or injuries thus far. All family members are current on immunizations, receive annual age appropriate health screens and dental exams and cleanings. The grandmother drinks alcohol socially on occasion but not to excess. She has been tobacco free for two years. The grandchildren both state they have not experimented with drugs, alcohol or cigarettes. They state they are aware of the dangers and health hazards of drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. The grandmother and children take an age appropriate vitamin supplement daily. Over the counter remedies for minor illness such as colds and flu are used when needed. Nutrition and Metabolism focuses on how the family consumes food and fluid in relation to metabolic need. (Koshar, n. d. ) The grandmother tries to encourage healthy eating habits. Whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, low fat dairy products and lean meats are served on a regular basis. Milk, water, juices and herbal iced tea are beverages drank in the home. Soda is bought on occasion as a special treat. Most evening meals are eaten in the home. The family usually eats out once a week. The children are both at a healthy weight and are considered to be of average height and weight for their age. The grandmother is slightly overweight. All family members appear well nourished and hydrated. Elimination focuses on excretory patterns to include bowel, bladder and skin. (Koshar, n. d. )The children report no problems with elimination. The grandmother states she occasionally has trouble with constipation and will drink prune juice to help relieve constipation. She states she does not have problems with incontinence or bladder retention. Activity and exercise focuses on the activities of daily living including exercise and leisure activities. (Koshar, n. d. )The family enjoys a wide variety of physical activities. Physical activity is tolerated well. The family rides their horses several times weekly. The grandmother and granddaughter barrel race on a competitive level two to three times monthly. The children are active in 4-H and FFA. The grandson plays football during the school year. The grandmother would like to join a health club to exercise on a more regular basis but does not feel she has the time to do so. Cognition and Perception focuses on one’s ability to comprehend and utilize information and on the sensory functions. (Koshar, n. d. ) Both children do well in school. They do not have any learning disabilities. Hearing and vision are fine. The grandmother uses glasses for reading only and does not have any other sensory deficits. Sleep and rest focuses on an individual’s sleep, rest and relaxation patterns. The children average eight to nine hours sleep nightly. Both children state they feel well rested and are not tired during the day. The grandmother sleeps five to six hours a night during the work week. She states she has trouble occasionally falling asleep at night. The grandmother at times feels fatigued during the day. To relax the grandmother likes to read and spend time outdoors. The children read and watch TV to relax. Self-perception and self-concept focuses on how an individual perceives their identity, body image and self-worth. (Koshar, n. d. ) The children both expressed that they saw themselves as â€Å"normal teenagers†. They stated they are happy living with their grandmother and feel loved and cared for. The granddaughter sees herself as an attractive person and is happy with the way she looks. She sees herself as â€Å"popular† at school and states she has many friends. She believes she could do better in school, if she tried harder but states she is too busy with her horses and friends. The grandson sees himself as average. He states he would like to â€Å"work out more , to build more muscle†. He said he gets along well at school, but sometimes feels shy around people he does not know. He is very proud that he made high honor roll all four quarters this past year at school. The grandmother sees herself as a good caring person. She is happy with her life and feels blessed that she is able to take care of her grandchildren. She is self conscious about being overweight but otherwise considers herself to be an attractive person. Roles and Relationships focuses on the individuals role in the world and how one relates with others. (Koshar, n. d. ) The grandmother as the primary caregiver fulfills the role of parent in the family. The children’s natural parents live out of state. The children visit them in the summer months and holidays are usually spent together at the grandmothers home. Although there has been role reversal between the grandparent and parents the family interacts well together and has a close supportive loving relationship. Sexuality and reproduction focuses on the individuals satisfaction or dissatisfaction with sexuality and reproduction functions(Koshar, n. d. ) The grandmother is post-menopausal. She is not sexually active at the present time. The children are not sexually active. They are aware of safe sex practices to prevent pregnancy and stds. The grandson states he is not really interested in girls yet. He is just beginning to go through the developmental changes of puberty. The granddaughter is well developed for her age and began menstruating at twelve years of age. Coping and stress tolerance focuses on the individuals view of stress and coping strategies. The main stressful issue in the home is trying to balance work, school and social activities in a single parent home. The grandmother in addition to working full time as a RN is now attending school online full time. She feels over whelmed at times trying to find the time and recourses to get the children to their various social activities. She has started to rely more on friends to help with transportation needs. The children have been supportive and have started helping out more with household chores. The family relies on one another, friends and extended family members for support. Values and belief. The grandmother has a strong work ethic and believes in the value of a good education. She believes it is important to be a productive member of society . She encourages her grandchildren to think for themselves and be respectful and kind to others. The family does not attend church on a regular basis, however they do consider themselves Christian. The first wellness nursing diagnosis selected for the family is Readiness for enhanced activity-exercise pattern(Weber, 2005) due to the grandmother and grandson both expressing an interest in increasing their physical activity and desiring to me more physical fit. The second diagnosis selected is Caregiver role strain(Weber) related to the grandmother experiencing stress trying to balance work, school, and raising grandchildren in a single parent role.

Comparing and Contrasting the Lottery and Young Goodman

In the story, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson, is written in a historical point of view. â€Å"Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. † Their main food source is corn and to make sure that the corn will come they have to have human sacrifices. If they don't they say â€Å"First thing you know, we'd all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns. † The corn doesn't come if they don't have human sacrifices and they have to eat other food than corn. Shirley Jackson wrote this in a cultural form in this passage. Jackson uses irony and comedy in her story, about how weak human individuals are.In the story, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, writes in a more linguistic way. He uses many descriptive words and figures of speech. â€Å"There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree. † Nathaniel is talking about there being bad things around every corner in life. â€Å"What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow! † Nathaniel explains everything so well in his writing and he seems very smart with the words that he uses. Goodman Brown believes that the devil is taking over the minds of the people he loves.Nathaniel Hawthorne explains that Goodman Brown believes in the goodness of people until he meets the devil. In the stories, The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown, they both are very different but then yet very similar. These stories are different because Shirley Jackson writes in a cultural form and Nathaniel Hawthorne writes in a linguistic form. They both are very good writes and explain things well. Jackson's writing is deep and kind of dark. Hawthorn’s is very dark especially when Goodman Brown is in the woods. Both of these stories and authors are very good at their work.

Drug Abuse Essay

DRUG ADDICTION Drug addiction is a problem that has been increasing immensely among our society today. Drug addictions can only hinder or restrain us from accomplishing goals or dreams in life. People sometimes feel they are too bright, too powerful, too much in control to become addictive. Addiction can trap anyone. It can lead to harming ones body, causing problems in family structure, and contribute to the delinquency in society. The sooner people seek help for drug addiction problems, the more chances they have of gaining control of their life once again. However, abstinence is the safest way to  live a longer and healthier life. We are greatly influenced by the people around us. Today one of the number one reasons of teenage drug usage is peer pressure. Peer pressure represents social influences that affect us. It can have a positive or a negative effect, depending on what path one follows. There is direct and indirect pressure that might influence a person’s decision i n using drugs. Direct pressure might be when a person is offered to try drugs. Indirect pressure might be when a person is around people using drugs and sees that there is nothing wrong with using drugs. Adolescents who use drugs seek out peers who also use and, in turn, are influenced by those peers (Berndt, 1992). A person might also try drugs just to fit in a social group, even if the person had no intentions of using drugs. Adolescents can try out different roles and observe the reactions of their friends to their behavior and their appearance (Berndt, 1992). One might do it just to be considered â€Å"cool† by the group. There are also other reasons why people might turn to using drugs. Emotional distress, such as personal or family problems, having low self-esteem, like loosing a close one, loosing a job, or having no friends, and environmental stress are all possible factors to causing one to use drugs.

Application of Nursing Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Application of Nursing Theory - Assignment Example A nurse manager who has authority over the staff calls them for a meeting whereby they highlight issues affecting their work and carry out collective decision-making. This way, they arrive at good conclusions and each staff is given a goal to attain. After a stipulated period, their work is evaluated whereby each staff is held staff accountable of the already assigned tasks. Nurse mangers can apply this to influence outcomes in patient-care delivery as well as patient satisfactory scores (Meleis, 2011). This theory is well applicable in patient care delivery because the nurses help the patients cope with stress (Meleis, 2011). Stress according to king entails a state where the patients interact with the nurses to maintain a balance for growth (Meleis, 2011). During the transaction between the patient and the health care provider, the patient is given a feeling of control by being involved in decision-making, the nurse listen to their complains as well as offer additional education besides aiding in decision acing (Meleis, 2011). The theory also applies in patient satisfactory scores since as the nurses provide medical and technical information, the patient contributes personal and emotional info. They combine their perceptions and judgments hence drive towards goal attainment (Meleis, 2011). If goals are attained, there will be satisfaction as well as e ffective nursing

An evaluation something on campus after closely studying this Essay

An evaluation something on campus after closely studying this something ,develop fair criteria topic can be a specific place,event,or service(must be on campus) - Essay Example The staff has been specifically trained and organized to manage the health of the students. There is enough medication for the students in the college and this leads to a better way of running the campus since there is not much time wasted on treating the students. One of the major drawbacks of the health care systems is that it has a paying fees for the service provided, which comes at a cost to the students who expect subsidised costs and cheap services, which is something missing from this system. The health care system also does not have enough space to cater to a large number of people at the same time, and this may prove to be futile if there arises a need to cater to a large number of students. Since all the students are eligible for treatments it basically depends on who can afford the treatment and who cannot. To meet the requirement of each and every student the college has made sure that the treatment comes cheap and not too expensive so that the people don’t have to think twice before going for the health care system. The health care center also offers health insurance for the students at a very nominal charge. This is done to facilitate health consciousness and awareness among the students of the college and to allow them to retain benefit from the college at the cheapest prices. The idea is to make sure that if anything happens to the students then the health insurance will cover the greatest of the greatest costs of the students and that shall also help him to undergo his treatment at low prices. Whenever a student visits the college a confidential health record is maintained by the college health center. This is done to maintain the privacy of the student and also in the best interest of medical ethics. There are certain rights which the patient has and these shall be understood in detail. The first and the foremost right the patient has is the right to be given quality treatment irrespective of the background of the

Life-Changing Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life-Changing Experience - Essay Example Consequently, the event was of extreme significance to my life as it offered a platform for a sound future (Ariely 34). Having grown up in China, I did not envision completing my advanced studies overseas. In my home country, a citizen’s freedoms were virtually controlled by the state. Therefore, my sole duty was to be of service to the state. Although the constitution guaranteed human rights on paper, its implementation in the rule of law was poor. The set freedoms and regulations offered little protection in the actual practice of the rule of law. For instance, property rights were not effectively protected, and the poor would end up being treated in a discriminatory manner, as opposed to the wealthy in the society. In addition, the internet was closely monitored by government agencies. This was in an effort to control public criticism of the Communist Party. Therefore, the internet was not easily available or accessible. The fear of being impeached by government officials p revented me from interacting with the rest of the world through the internet. I was afraid of being found in violation of the set regulations. Consequently, I never had ambitions for overseas studies. My mind was focused on how I would be of service to my country. Moreover, I did not even have the courage to explore foreign tertiary study opportunities. The fear of being an obstacle to social stability prevented me from pursuing this overseas exploration. In addition, my country offered various acknowledged world class institutions for advanced studies. Therefore, I harbored no intentions of leaving my country for overseas tertiary studies. However, during my high school education process, I discovered the numerous opportunities that overseas education had to offer. This was owed to my interactions with other students with foreign education experiences. In addition, my fear of the federal governments prying eye on the internet had also diminished. Consequently, I started exploring o verseas education opportunities. First, I had to decide on the course I wanted to pursue. Consequently, I decided to pursue a degree in jewelry appreciation. This had been my dream course since my childhood life. As a toddler, my mother informed me that I was always attracted to anything that glittered. Consequently, this attraction had gradually developed into a passion. Eventually, I became obsessed with jewelry and worked hard to acquire different sets of jewelry. Coming from a culturally diverse background was crucial to my endeavors with regard to jewelry appreciation. In addition, my country also offered a variety of jewelry works of art that were essential to the development of my passion for jewelry. For instance, my community was extremely religious. These religions differed from Buddhism to Taoism. However, both dialects employed various forms of jewelry and works of art in their forms of worship. Consequently, this provided a platform for interaction with various forms of this art and jewelry. This, in return, further fuelled my passion for jewelry appreciation. However, I discovered that there was a need for increased appreciation for jewelry as a work of art. In most cases, this field was usually treated with disrespect. Consequently, jewelry appreciation was not accorded the respect it deserved. For instance, the art in jewelry was not noticed or praised as opposed to other forms of art. Many people tend to appreciate jewelry based on the price as opposed to the work of art employed in the designing process of the jewelry. Therefore, appreciation of jewelry had only been reduced to the price tag attached to it, its size and few other tangible attributes. Consequently, based on my passion for jewelry appraisal, I felt the urge to promote a system that appraises jewelry

Dramatic Literature Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dramatic Literature Analysis Paper - Essay Example Each member of the Younger family is driven by the dreams of their own. Mama intends to buy a house of her own while the son, Walter Lee, wants to invest money on a liquor store which, according to him, will solve their financial crisis. Unfortunately, their race and Walters business partners betrayal stand in the path of the fulfillment of their dreams. However, the family sticks together to make their dreams come true. The main characters strive to deal with the tyrannical circumstances inflicted upon them. All the sufferings they endure, fights they indulge in and the frustration that comes out in various ways, including Walters  fights with Ruth, Mama, and Beneatha,   Ruth’s consideration of an abortion and Beneatha dating two very different men, certainly seems to be the result of their intense struggle to attain their dreams. However, the final realization that the dream of a house is most important for it unites the family, exhibits that pride in oneself is the only way to hold on to one’s self-esteem and assert one’s value as a human being. Similarly, Mama’s dedication to the plant is the symbol of her utmost care and dream for her family to move up in the  world. The play A Raisin in the Sun is an intriguing piece of work by Hansberry which describes the importance of family and unity. It is thought provoking as it describes the efforts of a poor black family that, despite the numerous predicaments, choose to stick together to attain a place of its

Basic Principles of Humanitarian Law Research Paper

Basic Principles of Humanitarian Law - Research Paper Example Given that the main research questions are; what are the common, basic humanitarian law principles and to what extent these principles are observed, the essay discusses the basic principles of humanitarian law. In humanitarian law, there are basic principles such as military necessity. Military necessity is a principle which should be observed to ensure that aid reaches those who require it, by engaging military officers to perform the function (McCormack and McDonald 6). This is because military officers are trained to address humanitarian issues even in very dangerous circumstances. They have undergone training on saving lives, protecting themselves and protecting and assisting needy victims of war or other calamities. Another humanitarian law principle is that of limited warfare, which restricts the extent to which military becomes essential so as to achieve the military objectives. Therefore, based on various circumstances, military necessity has various contours which are circumstance specific (Fleck and Bothe 123). Limited warfare entails the prohibition of warfare methods which lead to long-term, widespread and severe damages to the environment (Fleck and Bothe 124). There is also the principle of distinction which requires that there should be an appropriate distinction between activities that prevent or accelerate the war effort (McCormack and McDonald 6). Distinction requires that there should be a determination of prioritizing so that aid reaches only legitimate beneficiaries so that it does not contribute to the war effort. The principle of humanity is also a humanitarian law principle. Torture and assassinations should be prohibited. Unnecessary suffering should be limited, as much as possible (McCormack and McDonald 7).  

Lab work 9 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lab work 9 - Coursework Example On the other hand, basophils (those that stain blue) likely to liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin in allergic reactions that intensify overall inflammatory response (Tortora and Derrickson 743). 1f. Platelets- Function mainly in hemostasis by forming platelet plugs in damaged blood vessels to prevent excessive blood loss. They also release vasoactive chemicals that cause vascular spasm and blood clotting (Tortora and Derrickson 742). 2a. Pericardium- a fibrous tissue that covers the outside of the heart and some parts of the attached major blood vessels. Its main functions include protection, appropriate positioning, and facilitation of heart movement as it provides adequate lubrication necessary to reduce friction as the heart relaxes and contracts (Snell 71). 2c. Septum- divides the heart longitudinally to prevent mixing of the unoxygenated and oxygenated blood. Its overlying tissue may also be involved in nerve conduction to regulate the rate and rhythm of the heart (Snell 73) 2f. Mitral Valve- positions between the left atrium and left ventricle. It functions by rhythmic opening and closing to regulate the blood flow that enters the heart. It primarily prevents backflow of blood from the high- pressure left ventricle into the left atrium so that the blood will only flow towards the aorta (Snell 74). The capillary (or capillary bed) is the site of the actual exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other metabolic products between the blood and the tissues of the body. The diameter of the capillary is small enough to allow the erythrocytes to deliver its oxygen content to the tissues in exchange of carbon dioxide which is a byproduct of cellular respiration. Metabolic products, especially urea, are also transported to the blood by way of the capillaries. One end of the capillary is actually connected with an arteriole and the other end with a venule (Kumar 2010). Coagulation is an important physiologic process

Final Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Final - Research Paper Example This report is aimed at conducting a study and presenting a paper to the board of directors of a large nonprofit based health relief company regarding the issues about solving the health needs of a poorly developed African Country, Ghana. This report is prepared by keeping in mind the available organizational resources and capabilities , the funding required for the project initiatives , the need for obtaining subsidized medicines from, the major international pharmaceutical organizations functioning across the globe, the need for collecting non generic medication sources, non USDA approved medications and alternate stem cell based medication from different foreign sources. The research is conducted with the ultimate objective of proposing the most suitable and practically feasible expenditure plan including the budgetary propositions, financial controls, funds accounting perspectives, management of public expenditure, analysis of the relevant budgets and financial statements related to the healthcare industry in the country, the financial reporting requirements as per the regulatory requirements of the state government and the management and control of public expenditures. Additionally, these financial management components are critically delved into and evaluated for the purpose of providing sufficient information to the decision making authorities to take key administrative decisions and also apply the financial structures like expenditure plans and budgets as significant financial disciplinary processes and tools. The healthcare segment has become a booming as well as a crucial sector in terms of importance and effectiveness. The recent focus of the healthcare industry has remained constant on the provision of healthcare and medical aids to the lesser developed or under developed nations in the world like Africa. Many of the regions in

A Good Man Is Hard to Find Essay Example for Free

A Good Man Is Hard to Find Essay One might think that Grandmothers are sweet and loving, and often innocent due to their advanced age and condition. We, as society, think of them as great examples of people that radiate love, mentors, and defenders of morality and good manners. However, this is not the case in A Good Man Is Hard to Find, by Flannery O’Connor. As the story unfolds, her personality reflects that hidden evil we all carry inside and how detouring on a route takes a whole family to face disastrous consequences, yet one person finds redemption from that evil. A Good Man Is Hard to Find is a story that symbolizes redemption, because there is a sinner, there is a journey, and there is redemption. In our society we tend to minimize, and sometimes erase the word â€Å"sin† because, for the most part, it bothers people’s conscience. Although the word â€Å"sin† is not explicitly exposed in the story A Good Man is Hard to Find, the action and consequences of sin are vividly present throughout the story, in all the characters, especially the Grandmother. The main character and sinner in the story is the Grandmother because she is described as an egocentric person, since the situation they face is that they are all captives of the serial killer, â€Å"The Misfit†, and she bargains for her life only. The grandmother said, â€Å"You wouldn’t shoot a lady, would you? † (Flannery O’Connor 313). This is an obvious example of how she doesn’t stop to think about the rest of her family. In addition, one might think that in various occasions the Grandmother makes simple comments that compare different times of her life, the present and how things used to be. On the other hand, Grandmothers’ comments represent the comparison between the dark past of society and the reality that it hasn’t changed much. During the trip, Grandmother makes a comment that reflects her comparisons; she said â€Å"In my time, children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything else. People did right then† (Flannery O’Connor 308). In the same scene, Grandmother contradicts herself by saying, â€Å"Little niggers in the country don’t have things like we do. If I could paint, I’d paint that picture,† (Flannery O’Connor 308). No argument, she is a barefaced hypocrite. Furthermore, the way she dressed to go on a road trip, as the author describes the grandmother, â€Å"Had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on a brim and a navy dress with a small white dot on print. †(Flannery O’Connor 307). Also, her jewelry â€Å"her collars and cuffs where white organdy trimmed with lace and her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. (Flannery O’Connor 307). Her exaggerated outfit, plus the extreme jewelry for a road trip reflects her ego and her desire to be noticed as a lady. Whether one believes in God, or not, we all embark on the journey of life, in which we experience an inner transformation. Any journey has a destination; however, decisions made during the trip may alter the destination and its outcome. Flannery O’Connor uses the road trip to represent the pilgrimage Grandmother and her family must go through. Since the beginning of the trip, Grandmother took unnecessary stuff, â€Å"her big black valise that looked like a head of a hippopotamus†, and her mascot â€Å"Pitty Sing, the cat† (Flannery O’Connor 307), knowing that this action will incommode the family and eventually be a factor of the cause of the accident. One might think that the baggage represents only inconvenience; nonetheless, this represents ones’ regrets or transgressions that haven’t been forgiven nor forgotten. During the trip, the Grandmother makes an important remark about her past when she used to date Mr. Teagarden by saying, â€Å"She would of have done well to marry Mr. Teagarden because he was a gentleman and had bought Coca-Cola stock when first came out and that he had died only a few years ago, a very wealthy man. † (Flannery O’Connor 309). It shows her nostalgia and regret of not marrying that man but it certainly also shows her ambition. She evidently hasn’t experienced true love. Thus, it certainly shows that her baggage did not consist only of clothing and jewelry, but of nostalgia and regret. In addition, the same illusion of her romance with Mr. Teagarden triggered the inner desire in her dream to go visit the plantation and the house where, as Grandmother said, â€Å"You sat down with your suitor after a stroll in the garden. † (Flannery O’Connor 311). Eventually, in a self-centered act, she â€Å"craftily† (Flannery O’Connor 311) lies, causing the detouring of the route. They have taken a dangerous dirty road, as the author describes it â€Å"was hilly and there were sudden washes in it and sharp curves on dangerous embankments† (Flannery O’Connor 312). As a result, while driving on that dangerous road, the accident happened due to Grandmother’s recklessness. This situation metaphors the choices one makes in life and their consequences. The accident is just a sign of how one falls through the journey. There could not be a redemption story without a Savior, and a sinner to whom needs to be redeemed. After the accident, everyone got out of the car and saw the car approaching far away, â€Å"on top of a hill†, giving the sense that help is coming from above, which in a Biblical way, is symbolically showing that help is coming from heaven. In addition, when they arrived, â€Å"the Misfit† gets out, standing in front of them, â€Å"looking down at them† (Flannery O’Connor 313). He is accompanied by two fellows; one wearing a â€Å"shirt with a silver stallion†. All of these details represent a Redeemer, or a Godly figure. In addition, the Redeemer quickly finds who is in need to be redeemed when Grandmother makes a terrible mistake by recognizing the criminal â€Å"You’re the Misfit† she said (Flannery O’Connor 313). At this point, she has commended her whole family and The Misfit confirms that saying â€Å"it would have been better for all of you, lady, if you hadn’t reckernized me. † (Flannery O’Connor 313). Grandmother responds, â€Å"You wouldn’t shoot a lady, would you? † (Flannery O’Connor 313). This action confirms the Misfit that she is the sinner who hasn’t repented from all her sins since she reflects the egocentrism of worrying about her life only, without any given thought about the whole family, not even the children. The Misfit uses the desperation and impotence of the lady to make her realize that there is no escape from the inevitable. As he starts killing the family using the help from his assistants, Grandmother starts to appeal to the Misfit’s heart by saying, â€Å"You’ve got good blood! I know you wouldn’t shoot a lady! † (Flannery O’Connor 316). As the other half of the family was killed, Grandmother tells the Misfit, â€Å"You are one of my own children† (Flannery O’Connor 317) appealing that he would feel loved and would let her live. Nonetheless, she got shot and the Misfit said, â€Å"She would have been a good woman, if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life. † (Flannery O’Connor 317). This is the vivid example of redemption because in order to know good, and be good, we must face that adversary that puts one to the test and pulls out the good from within. One might relate to the Grandmothers’ feelings of impotence and desperation because when suffering, or facing death, one realizes the true beauty of life and its richness that most of the time are unnoticed due to one’s blindness from sin. In conclusion, A Goodman is Hard to Find is a story that symbolizes redemption because there is a sinner, there is a journey, and there is redemption. As the story unfolds, her personality reflects that hidden evil we all carry inside and how a route’s detour takes a whole family to face disastrous consequences, yet one person finds redemption from that evil. One might think that Grandmothers are all sweet, loving, often innocent, mentors, and defenders of morality and good manners. Nonetheless, this was not the case in this story.

Myth is used more in short stories that have been passed Essay Example for Free

Myth is used more in short stories that have been passed Essay In this paper I have answered the questions in short answers. I go over what a myth is and how they have been passed on through different generations. How different cultures believe in different thing but in a way they kind of believe in the same thing just a different way. I also go over what the difference is that is between belief, knowledge, mythology and religion. Myth is used more in short stories that have been passed on through different generations, half the time the stories are not even true or not completely true. However when the story is being told it is made out to be true and people go on to believe the story really did happen. A myth can also be a story that someone is telling you that do not seem to be true but in the end it is true. My definition of a myth is a story that has been passed on through different generations that may or may not have happen and no one will ever know the truth behind the stories. In the world there are many different cultures, and no every culture has the same beliefs. Each culture believes in different Gods, but they all seem to believe that there is a God. For an example many people believe to this day that God has created us humans while others seem to believe that humans were created over time by evolution, turning from animals into humans. The relationship that is between belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion is they all have the foundations of both beliefs and knowledge. People tend to use belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion to know the differences between good and evil and right from wrong. â€Å"Mythology diverges from religion when a myth deviates from its immediate significance and is changed from the sacred importance into a legend or folktale† (Religion and mythology, 2011). References Landry, P. (2011). Charles Darwin. Retrieved from http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Darwin.htm Leonard, S., McClure, M. (2004). Myth and knowing: An introduction to world mythology. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Mythology in contemporary culture. (2011). Retrieved from http://pcaaca.org/areas/mythology.php The white hat guide to myths and legends in Australia, (2010), retrieved from http://www.whitehat.com.au/australia/History/Myths.asp

The hippocratic oath

The hippocratic oath This is the scenario: You are terminally ill, all medical treatments acceptable to you have been exhausted, and the suffering in its different forms is unbearable. Because the illness is serious, you recognize that your life is drawing to a close. Euthanasia comes to mind as a way of release. The dilemma is awesome. But it has to be faced. Should you battle on, take the pain, endure the indignity, and await the inevitable end, which may be days, weeks, or months away? Or should you take control of the situation and resort to some form of euthanasia, which in its modern-language definition has come to mean help with a good death? (Humphry, 1) The aforementioned circumstance is one that millions of people meet in the United States each year; despite the worlds advanced medical technologies, no one has discovered cures for diseases such as cancer or AIDS. Euthanasia is when a doctor intentionally kills a person by the administration of drugs at that persons voluntary and competent reque st. Physician assisted suicide is when a doctor intentionally helps a patient to commit suicide by providing drugs for self-administration at that persons voluntary and competent request. The euthanasia of humans probably dates back to the beginning of time but the earliest mention of it can be noted in the Hippocratic Oath. The use of the Hippocratic Oath has continued since it was adopted by those in the medical profession but not all types of euthanasia are openly linked to doctors. Uses in colonial America, Europe during the Holocaust, and even most cases in modern society today do not involve direct contact by a doctor. The Hippocratic Oath was written between 400 and 300 B.C. The exact date is not known because the work is likely not that of Hippocrates; many professors and higher scholars who taught in that era took the works of their pupils and submitted them as their own. This oath is only mentioned in accordance when speaking about euthanasia because it is the first document essentially discerning the act of euthanasia. Hippocrates stated I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone. I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessary to cause an abortion. In the modern version of the Hippocratic Oath, this has been translated to I will apply dietic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice. I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I ma ke a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness, I will guard my life and my art. Around the 1970s, many medical schools in America and other countries chose to abandon the use of the Hippocratic oath as part of their ceremony for graduation so many doctors who treat patients now have no idea what the oath is comprised of. The old Hippocratic Oath is no longer suitable for modern times and is, therefore, subject to a variety of interpretations. Depending on the individual, such oaths may be perceived critical to the way in which a particular physician perceives himself or herself, or it may be seen as another rite of passage, important in form but unimportant in detail. Even, however, if it is believed to be merely a symbolic rite of passage that does not become a part of what an individual thinks he/she is, it does constitute a public avowal and a public pledge. These oaths almost invariably promise, above all, fealty to ones actual or potential patients and to work for their good regardless of religion or lack thereof, race, ethnicity, gender, party or socioeconomic considerations. It is said to be freely taken and not to have been coerced (Loewy, 1). This being said, most doctors assume that it is morally wrong to kill a patient no matter their medical history or the oath they took at the time of their completion of medical school. When confronted with the concept of human euthanasia, countless people would say that they would want their family member alleviated of pain when in the process of death, so why not provide a catalyst in the process of dying by early euthanization instead of letting them experience misery for a longer period? The main question when speaking of physician assisted suicide, or even suicide for medical reasons, is: should it be conducted? From The Arguments for Euthanasia, Past U.S. and British advocates typically adduced the same four arguments used today to justify euthanasia: 1) It is a human right born of self-determination; 2) it would produce more good than harm, mainly through pain relief; 3) there is no substantive distinction between active euthanasia and the withdrawal of the life-sustaining medical interventions; and 4) its legalization would not produce deleterious consequence. As Eugene Debs and Dr. Millard claimed in 1913 and 1931, respectively, patients have a right to con trol the manner of their death and, more specifically, terminally ill patients have the right to a quick and painless death with physicians help (Emanuel, 3). Overall, Eugene Debs and Dr. Millard were correct in their beliefs at the time but as the world has become industrialized, so have the reasons developed for which euthanasia should be legalized. As stated before, the natural extension of patient rights and alleviation of suffering of terminally ill patients are key points; however, now we can see reasons such as minimization of health care costs when it does not aid in the betterment of the patient. Emanuel brings up another great factor in his Arguments for Euthanasia passage when he mentions a passage from A. Bach-Medico-Legal Congress, There are also cases in which the ending of human life by physicians is not only morally right, but an act of humanity. I refer to cases of absolutely incurable, fatal and agonizing disease or condition, where death is certain and necessarily attended by excruciating pain, when it is the wish of the victim that a deadly drug should be administered to end his life and terminate his irremediable suffering (Emanuel, 3). Many people have written letters and provided in depth stories as to why they think suicide by the terminally ill is justified. Before Carol Bernstein Ferry took her own life in 2001, she wrote a letter explaining her decision in the hopes that it would contribute to an understanding of euthanasia. That is why I am writing this letter, explaining why I choose to take active steps to end my life rather than waiting for death to come gradually. With his letter I also want to make it clear that, although I have the support and tacit agreement of my children and close friends, no one but myself will take the steps that cause death. If is unfortunate that I must say this; our laws are at a destructive point just now, so if anyone other than myself actually causes my death, that person will be liable to convictio n as a felon. What an absurdity! To help someone facing a time-whether short or long-of pain and distress, whose death coming bit by bit can cause major sorrow and anxiety to family and friends, not to mention the medical help, quite useless, that must be expended in order to maintain a bearable level of pain-that this sensible deed can be construed a crime is a blot on tour legal system and on our power of thought (Ferry, 8). Many in government either feel very negatively towards Ferrys attitude or are afraid to express their true feelings on the subject as the opposite spectrum of the euthanasia debate-negatives of legalization-is broached. Any of the types of physician assisted suicide, whether it be direct (as in the doctor being present) or indirect (as in the doctor prescribing enough medication to overdose) can be construed as homicide, although it would technically be hard to tell in the case of indirect assistance since many of the amounts of medicine that terminally ill pa tients take can cause an overdose simply by accident. Much weight is placed on the Hippocratic injunction to do no harm. It has been asserted that sanctioning physician-assisted suicide would give doctors as license to kill, and physicians who accede to such requests have been branded by some as murderers. This is both illogical and inflammatory. Withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment-for example, disconnecting a ventilator at a patients request-is accepted by society, yet this requires a more definitive act by a physician than prescribing a medication that a patient has requested and is free to take or not, as he or she sees fit. Why should the latter be perceived as doing harm when the former is not (Rogatz, 31)? When articulating on the subject of euthanasia, most people present the fact that advanced medical technology has made it possible to increase human life span and treat patients in pain as in The Ethics of Euthanasia, It is argued that requests for assisted suicide come largely from patients who havent received adequate pain control or who are clinically depressed and havent been properly diagnosed or treated. There is no question that proper management of such conditions would significantly reduce the number of patients who consider suicide.However, treatable pain is not the only reason, or even the most common reason, why patients seek to end their lives. Severe body wasting, intractable vomiting, urinary and bowel incontinence, immobility, and total dependence are recognized as more important than pain in the desire for hastened death (Rogatz, 31). This stated, the more dependent people become upon their family or people employed to care for them, the more they know that their lives are ready to be over. At this point in time, many people who wish to die can simply have themselves removed from whatever machines may be extending their lives though this rarely leads to an immediate death and causes numerous patients to suffer if doctors will not p rescribe medication for pain treatment. It is argued that requests for assisted suicide are not frequent enough to warrant changing the law. Interestingly, some physicians say they have rarely, if ever, received such requests, while others say they have often received requests. This is a curious discrepancy, but I think it can be explained: the patient who seeks help with suicide will cautiously test a physicians receptivity to the idea and simply wont approach a physician who is unreceptive. Thus, there are two subsets of physicians in this situation: those who are open to the idea of assisted suicide and those who arent (Rogatz, 31). This seems to be a trend among authors who loom along the offenses of being protagonists in the line of PAS because Humphry and Clement also mention the decline of the doctor-patient relationship early in their book. Societal changes and discretionary abuses within the medical community have led to a distrust of the medical profession and a decline in the doctor-patient relationship. This deterioration of confidence is yet another force of activism that has propelled PAS to its current mainstream status. The elements of trust that existed before World War II were strong enough to legitimize a paternalistic attitude on the part of the doctor. But when trust diminished, so did the publics willingness to accept the doctors authority. Patient autonomy, spurred on by the rights culture of the 1960, increased, and with it came further acceptance of the right-to-die movementOpinion surveys have, over the years, inquired into the degree of confidence that Americans have in various institutions including congress, the press, universities, and the medical profession. The declines have been dramatic and nowhere more pronounced than in medicine. Looking at confidence in medicine from 1966-1994, the numbers speak for themselves: seventy-three percent (1966), forty-three percent (1975), thirty-five percent (1985), and twenty-three percent (19 94) (Clement, 35). Granted the studies are quite a bit dated, this was the most up-to-date information when the book was published, and is still the most correctly represented data used today. It is often argued that once we open the door physician-assisted suicide, we will find ourselves on a slippery slope

Sigitek Case Essay -- Business Management Sigitek Essays

Sigitek Case Barriers and Drivers to change facing Smithers: Smithers has in his favor experience in reengineering business processes from when he was an engineering service manager. His style of personal management aided him in instituting corporate culture changes in a manor that was well received by Sigtek employees. This experience was needed given the long-standing organizational differences that Smithers faced between Sigtek's engineering and manufacturing divisions. Another challenge faced by Smithers was the different management style of his counterpart, Richard Patricof, who was vice president of operations. Patricof's focus was not on results or productive feedback from employees. He felt that style and a tolatarian approach to personnel management was best suited for this total quality (TQ) training program. Other barriers Smithers faced was the possibility that employee expectations on the success of this new program may be too high given previous attempts to change Sigtek?s differing engineering and manufacturing corporate culture. It would be difficult to unite these two internal organizations. The major drivers to the success of the TQ program was that Sigtek was in desperate need of a change in its processes or face the risk of going out of business. This rift between operations and engineering would drive the company into the ground given the weak leadership of the President, Charles Bradley. How efficiently was change introduced?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The team at Sigtek established a set of goals for the implementation of the TQ program. An outline of the training process was created and presented to senior management. The response was non-plus, which instilled a great amount of concern to Smithers. The cold response from senior management clearly indicated that their support in the implementation o this new program was questionable. Sigtek?s approach to change involved choosing one manager from the engineering and operations sector respectively to be trained as site instructors for TQM. They in turn would train other employees to implement TQM. There was already a history of discontinuity between Smithers and Murphy. There was no unified team effort between these to key players.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Signs of failure also came when Patricof handpicked a cross-functional group of managers to form a site Quality Improvement Team, which was to coordi... .... Today's change initiatives are primarily based on a problem-solving view of organizations and change. Despite the potential positive outcomes, changes are often resisted at organizational level. Resistance to change appears to be a common phenomenon, it can take many forms and it may be difficult to identify the exact reason for the opposition. Although organizations have to adapt to their environment, they may set up defenses against changes and they prefer to concentrate on the routine things they perform well. Involving senior corporate management in the development of functional tactics improves their understanding of what must be done to achieve long- term objectives of the organization. It also helps ensure that functional tactics reflect the reality of the day-to-day operating situation. Most importantly it can increase the commitment of corporate management to the strategies developed. Crucial to the implementation of cultural change is senior management?s ability to use leadership and provide a shared vision of the future. In a chaotic, dynamic world of change we must be able to come up with new ideas and inventions in order to compete in the global market.

Male homoeroticism in Platos Symposium and the Greek lyric poets: Comp

Male homoeroticism in Plato's Symposium and the Greek lyric poets: Complimentary or contradictory? Works Cited Missing Images of male homosocial and homoerotic relations pervade Athenian culture. From plays to poetry and jugs to the justice system one can find these relations represented pictorially and in words. But do all these images align with each other or are there irreconcilable differences between them? To look at this question we will take two small pieces of culture, a philosophical treatise, Plato's Symposium and the lyric poetry of Theognis and Anacreon. Homoerotics are mentioned in several speeches in Plato's Symposium but I will focus on those statements made by Phaedras and Pausanias. The reason for the use of these two sources is to elucidate the numerous representations of homoerotics in Athenian Greece. Phaedras begins by stating that everyone can agree that, the greatest benefit, to my mind, that a young man can come by in his youth is a virtuous lover, and a virtuous boyfriend is just as good for a lover too. (Plato, 178c) This is a value that the modern world can easily grasp, a young man (the object of love) is well served by a virtuous older man (erastes) who will honor his superior position and treat the young man well and teach him what he can. In turn, the the erastes is better off with a virtuous boyfriend (eromenos) who will stay loyal to him. After all, the older man is the lover to which Phaedras refers and so a young boyfriend who was not faithful could be quite injurious to the older man?s heart and reputation. So does this image fit with that of the lyric poets? Indeed, Phaedras? representation of male homoerotics aligns quite easily with that of the lyric poets. Theognis speaks often... ...ric poets. Love for boys is a wonderful thing, especially if both parties are virtuous and loyal. Also, Theognis and Anacreon, likely along with Pausanias, attribute more loyalty to men than to women, resulting in a deeper commitment to ?relationships.? Phaedras disagrees saying that women can, in fact feel equal loyalty. There is general agreement that a love for boys based purely on beauty is a common thing, and not a good one. It leads to having stupid eromenai, which is not desirable. The lyric poets do seem to maintain that while intelligence is important, young boys are still better material for love than older men. Pausanias disagrees, arguing for lifelong homosocial relationships. So while there are a few differences between the lyric poets and these speakers of the Syposium they seem to be based more on choice of lifestyle than true differences of paradigm.

Reasons to Make Capital Punishment Illegal Essay example -- Papers Arg

Capital punishment is one of the most debated topics in the nation today. Since colonial times, more than 13,000 people have been legally executed and a large percentage of these executions occurred during the early 1900's. In the 1930's, approximately 150 people were being legally executed each year. However, the number of executions started to decrease, as public outrage became apparent. Currently, over 3,500 people are on death row. The death penalty violates the Eight Amendment because the act is cruel and unusual, and because the punishment discriminates against the poor and the minorities, the punishment also violates the Fourteenth Amendment. Surprisingly, many victims on death row are mentally retarded or disabled. Unfortunately, the death penalty has many supporters, and their main claim to why the death penalty should be constitutional is that the death penalty is a deterrent to crime, but research has proved their claim to be false. The most disturbing factor of al l is that a significant number of the inmates are innocent. For many reasons, capital punishment should be illegal throughout the nation. Capital punishment is not acceptable because it is unconstitutional. Capital punishment has been proven to violate the Eighth Amendment, which is the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. It is also a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees equal protection of the laws and due process. The death penalty, which was legal with no objections through the 1900's, became a controversial issue in 1972. In 1972, the Furman vs. Georgia trial caused the Supreme Court to cancel hundreds of scheduled executions and t... ...lty is a cruel and unusual punishment, and secondly, the Fourteenth Amendment, since it displays unequal protection of the laws and due process. Racial discrimination, sex discrimination, and socio-economic class discrimination are factors that unfairly decide the death penalty. The last two reasons that support the claim that the death penalty should be illegal are the risks of executing an innocent person and the obvious fact that the death penalty does not deter crime. For these reasons, capital punishment should be illegal throughout the nation. Bibliography: Bedau, Peter. Death is Different. Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press, 1987. Kaminer, Wendy. It’s All the Rage: Crime and Culture. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995. Vilbig, Peter. â€Å"Innocent on Death Row.† New York Times Upfront 18 Sept 2000: 1-11.

School is bad for children

Seventeen years of reading, cramming, listening and studying. One for kindergarten, six for middle school and another six for high school, plus the dreaded four years in college, all these seventeen years to get a degree and work for a living. Going to school to attend classes, submit homework and projects, and to take examinations have become a part of our culture and tradition. It is deeply embedded in our laws and in our minds. We all have come to believe that without school, we are nothing. We are nothing especially when compared to those who have dedicated 17 years of their lives, money, time and effort in schooling. However, it is not what it seems to be anymore. A place for learning and for growing is being questioned. There have been studies that resulted in concepts that have not been considered when the idea of a school for everybody and everyone was put up. The implications of these have resulted in the skepticism of the current education system, whether or not it caters to everybody or if it still upholds the quality of education that they promised to give. In the essays by John Holt, David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker, and Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill, several key points were noted that direct to the same issue, schooling has to be changed. These authors were able to identify various reasons that could be grounds for changing the current educational system. As of the moment, all children are required by law to go to school, at least up until high school. College, on the other, is an option that only people who can afford to pay for the tuition fee take. For the rest, high school suffices enough to get them jobs to earn money for providing themselves with the basic necessities. However, John Holt believes that going to school is actually a hindrance for a growing child to become the person that he is supposed to be, David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker thinks that the current way of evaluating one’s intelligence is not accurate because of the identified multiple intelligences, and Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill found out that what is being taught in the four walls of the classroom is not true to the factual occurrences in history. These three authors are not exactly talking about one thing but they are all on the same page. John Holt’s essay entitled, â€Å"School is bad for children,† talks about learning outside school and compares it to learning inside it. he describes how a child, before entering the school premises, was an explorer and a creative individual who is not scared of trying different things. The independence of learning all by one’s self has become the tool in the growth and development of a child from birth to just before entering school. He asserted that the infant did not really need a teacher in learning something that he thinks is inexistent, language. He was able to manipulate this language, learn it and use it, without the aid of a classroom. He had in him characteristics such as perseverance, patience and determination that he developed by trying out new things, when he explores his environment. None of these he can do inside a school. Holt reasons out that in school, students are taught to be submissive and to be controlled by an environment that is not conducive to learning. Hence, all of the characteristics that he once possessed were kept inside him and he was not allowed to use it when needed. For example, in the real world, the child can make mistakes. He can run very fast and he could stumble and have his skin scraped. Nevertheless, he will stand up and learn the lesson that he should not do that again when the ground is not leveled enough because he is going to have bruises, which is very unpleasant. However, when in school, he is not allowed to run fast. Holt translates this analogy into believing that a child should be allowed to make mistakes and learn the right answers on their own. Then again, in school, one is not allowed to make mistakes, teachers only ask for the right answers, so do examinations. Human interaction is also made insignificant in school. However, this is a very important lifelong ability that we should not dare pass up to learn. Holt emphasizes how the school disallows talking to classmates and playing with them while inside the school premises. This poses a very big problem to learning and developing socializing skills. In David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker’s essay, they discuss the importance of the multiple intelligences and the emotional intelligence factor. Eight intelligences have been identified, which are the logical-mathematical intelligence, the linguistic intelligence, the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, the musical, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence. Each of these intelligences represent an ability or a set of abilities that manifests as skills and interests that an individual posses and it does not really have to be in the academic field. For example, dancing, painting, singing, and even interacting with other people are considered to be a form of intelligence. However, in schools and in the existing educational curriculum, only the IQ or the intelligence quotient is what seems to be of utmost importance. A student’s ability is rated through the grades and examination performance. The other intelligences do not even make it to the report card; they are only electives in some schools, while in others they are just clubs. The multiple intelligences also tell us that every person is unique and it will stand out in their areas of specialty or their forte. One should not be forced to do something that they have almost no affinity to because they excel in the opposite of that task. Another important discovery made is the emotional intelligence factor and how its determination at an early age was a predictor of the child’s success in the later years of life. Basically, the argument that they presented in the essay is that there is no one test to measure the range of abilities and skills that a student possesses. This is a problem because the current system utilized in schools may become a hindrance for developing the other aspects of intelligence of the students. The essay by Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill talked about how she felt cheated because of the historical inaccuracies that she learned in school and how knowing the truth could change one’s life forever. She stated that what she learned in school is that the United States of America was all about how the white skinned people were able to conquer and start a nation so great on their own. However, she learned in her own research later on that this was not the case. She learned that so many other cultures existed during the coming of America as one nation, and that these other people of different ethnicity were of help that time and without them, America will never be the same. These three essays focused on different issues and concepts, but they all arrived on the same conclusion, change is needed in the educational system. Holt presents five solutions that he believes can help our students in becoming more like the person that they should have become right from the start. He suggests that the compulsory school attendance should be banned or there should be a higher number of absences to be allowed. It has become so hard to keep children in school in the first place, and it costs the government more money now keeping kids in school because they do not want to be there. He also mentioned that out of classroom learning should be implemented. This is because much of the real learning for the real world happens outside of school. He also wants that children learn from other children, and that children judge their own work. This is very much needed especially when interacting with others and in trying to create standards for one’s self. In doing so, children are able to share ideas, learn from the other child’s perspective, and learn from their own mistakes. Lastly, he proposes to eradicate the fixed and required curriculum. This proposal may coincide to David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker’s case in point, the multiple intelligences. Holt says that there is no point in making children study what they are not interested in or what they do not excel in. each person has their own type of intelligence, and so this is why a standardized measurement of intelligence will not suffice. Albeit indirectly implied, there has to be a new system wherein the personal intelligences of each student can be quantified. David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker mentioned the portfolio approach. It is described as a more comprehensive assessment that includes student artifacts such as papers, projects, videotapes, and exhibits, which offer tangible examples of student learning. It does not have to be just a report card anymore. Moreover, learning does not have to be all about the good stuff. It was suggested in Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill’s essay that both the good and the bad aspects of history should be taught in school and let the children decide. A multicultural curriculum will not only make the children develop critical thinking, it will also help them develop the skills that can assist in the improvement of their country. I personally believe in change. It is inevitable and it is the only constant thing in the world. If we want to improve things and learn from mistakes, we should start it with the children. Not only because they are the future leaders of our country, but because we want them to become the best person that they could possibly be, the best pianist, the best mathematician, the best doctor, the best chef. We have to let them fall down and make mistakes, because this is the only way they could learn. We have to allow them to flourish in the things that they are passionate about, because it is the only way that they can develop their talents and skills. We have to believe in them, whether or not they believe in themselves, because they would need all our love and support as they struggle to find their true identities. It is not a question of whether or not school is the best for children; it is whether or not we can accept the changes that should be implemented in these institutions. And if we want a better future for everyone, we should.

Fool Chapter 20

ACT IV As flies to wanton boys, are we to the gods. They kill us for their sport. – King Lear, Act IV, Scene 1, Gloucester TWENTY A PRETTY LITTLE THING Drool and I slogged through the cold rain for a day, across hill and dale, over unpaved heath and roads that were little more than muddy wheel ruts. Drool affected a jaunty aspect, remarkable considering the dark doings he had just escaped, but a light spirit is the blessing of the idiot. He took to singing and splashing gaily through puddles as we traveled. I was deeply burdened by wit and awareness, so I found sulking and grumbling better suited my mood. I regretted that I hadn't stolen horses, acquired oilskin cloaks, found a fire-making kit, and murdered Edmund before we left. The latter, among many reasons, because I could not ride upon Drool's shoulders, as his back was still raw from Edmund's beatings. Bastard. I should say here, that after some days in the elements, the first I'd spent there since my time with Belette and the traveling mummer troupe many years ago, I determined that I am an indoor fool. My lean form does not fend off cold well, and it seems no better at shedding water. I fear I am too absorbent to be an outdoor fool. My singing voice turns raspy in the cold, my japes and jokes lose their subtlety when cast against the wind, and when my muscles are slowed by an unkind chill, even my juggling is shit. I am untempered for the tempest, unsuited for a storm – better fit for fireplace and featherbed. Oh, warm wine, warm heart, warm tart, where art thou? Poor, cold Pocket, a drowned and wretched rat is he. We traveled in the dark for miles before we smelled meat-smoke on the wind and spotted the orange light of an oil-skinned window in the distance. â€Å"Look, Pocket, a house,† said Drool. â€Å"We can sit by the fire and maybe have a warm supper.† â€Å"We've no money, lad, and nothing to trade them.† â€Å"We trade 'em a jest for our supper, like we done before.† â€Å"I can think of nothing amusing to do, Drool. Tumbling is out of the question, my fingers are too stiff to work Jones's talk string, and I'm too weary even for the simple telling of a tale.† â€Å"We could just ask them. They might be kind.† â€Å"That's a blustery bag of tempest toss, innit?† â€Å"They might,† insisted the oaf. â€Å"Bubble once give me a pie without I ever jested a thing. Just give it to me, out of the kindness of her heart.† â€Å"Fine. Fine. We shall prevail upon their kindness, but should that fail, prepare yourself to bash in their brains and take their supper by force.† â€Å"What if there's a lot of 'em? Ain't you going to help?† I shrugged and gestured to my fair form: â€Å"Small and weary, lad. Small and weary. If I'm too weak to perform a puppet show, I think the brain-bashing duties will, by necessity, fall upon you. Find a sturdy stick of firewood. There, there's a woodpile over there.† â€Å"I don't want to bash no brains,† said the stubborn nitwit. â€Å"Fine, here, take one of my daggers.† I handed him a knife. â€Å"Give a good dirking to anyone who requires it.† At that point the door opened and a wizened form stepped into the doorway and raised a storm lantern. â€Å"Who goes there?† â€Å"Beggin' pardon, sirrah,† said Drool. â€Å"We was wondering if you required a good dirking this evening?† â€Å"Give that to me.† I snatched the dagger away from the git and fitted it into the sheath at my back. â€Å"Sorry, sir, the Natural jests out of turn. We are looking for some shelter from the storm and perhaps a hot meal. We've only bread and a little cheese, but we will share it for the shelter.† â€Å"We are fools,† said Drool. â€Å"Shut up, Drool, he can see that by my kit and your empty gaze.† â€Å"Come in, Pocket of Dog Snogging,† said the bent figure. â€Å"Mind your head on the doorjamb, Drool.† â€Å"We're buggered,† said I, pushing Drool through the door ahead of me. Witches three. Parsley, Sage, and Rosemary. Oh no, not in the Great Birnam Wood where they are generally kept, where one might fairly expect to encounter them, but here in a warm cabin off the road between the Gloucestershire villages of Tossing Sod and Bongwater Crash? A flying house, perhaps? It's rumored that witches are afraid of such structures. â€Å"I thought you was an old man but you is an old woman,† said Drool to the hag who had let us in. â€Å"Sorry.† â€Å"No proof, please,† said I, afraid that one of the hags might confirm her gender by lifting her skirts. â€Å"The lad's suffered enough of late.† â€Å"Some stew,† said the crone Sage, the warty one. A small pot hung over the fire. â€Å"I've seen what you put in your stew.† â€Å"Stew, stew, true and blue,† said the tall witch, Parsley. â€Å"Yes, please,† said Drool. â€Å"It's not stew,† said I. â€Å"They call it stew because it rhymes with bloody blue, but it's not stew.† â€Å"No, it's stew,† said Rosemary. â€Å"Beef and carrots and the lot.† â€Å"Afraid it is,† said Sage. â€Å"Not bits of bat wing, eye of lecher, sweetbreads of newt, and the lot, then?† â€Å"A few onions,† said Parsley. â€Å"That's it? No magical powers? No apparitions? No curse? You appear out here in the middle of nowhere – nay, on the very fringe of the tick's knickers that sucks the ass of nowhere – and you've no agenda except to feed the Natural and me and give us a chance to chase the chill?† â€Å"Aye, that's about it,† said Rosemary. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Couldn't think of nothin' that rhymes with onions,† said Sage. â€Å"Aye, we were right fucked for spell casting once the onions went in,† said Parsley. â€Å"Truth be told, beef put us against the wall, didn't it?† said Rosemary. â€Å"Yeah, fief, I suppose,† mused Sage, rolling her good eye toward the ceiling. â€Å"And teef, although strictly speaking, that ain't a proper rhyme.† â€Å"Right,† said Parsley. â€Å"No telling what kind of dodgy apparition you'll conjure you cock up the rhyme like that. Fief. Teeth. Pathetic, really.† â€Å"Stew, please,† said Drool. I let the crones feed us. The stew was hot and rich and mercifully devoid of amphibian and corpse bits. We broke out the last of the bread Curan had given us and shared it with the witches, who produced a jug of fortified wine and poured it for all. I warmed both inside and out, and for the first time in what seemed days, my clothes and shoes were dry. â€Å"So, it's going well, then?† asked Sage, after we'd each had a couple of cups of wine. I counted out calamities on my digits: â€Å"Lear stripped of his knights, civil war between his daughters, France has invaded, Duke of Cornwall murdered, Earl of Gloucester blinded, but reunited with his son, who is a raving loony, the sisters enchanted and in love with the bastard Edmund – â€Å" â€Å"I shagged 'em proper,† added Drool. â€Å"Yes, Drool boffed them until both walked unsteady, and, let's see, Lear wanders across the moors to find sanctuary with the French at Dover.† Handfuls of happenings. â€Å"Lear suffers, then?† asked Parsley. â€Å"Greatly,† said I. â€Å"He's nothing left. A great height from which to fall, being king of the realm reduced to a wandering beggar, gnawed from the inside by regret for deeds he did long ago.† â€Å"You feel for him, then, Pocket?† asked Rosemary, the greenish, cat-toed witch. â€Å"He rescued me from a cruel master and brought me to live in his castle. It's hard to hold hatred with a full stomach and a warm hearth.† â€Å"Just so,† said Rosemary. â€Å"Have some more wine.† She poured some dark liquid into my cup. I sipped it. It tasted stronger, warmer than before. â€Å"We've a gift for you, Pocket.† Rosemary brought out a small leather box from behind her back and opened it. Inside were four tiny stone vials, two red and two black. â€Å"You'll be needing these.† â€Å"What are they?† My vision began to blur then. I could hear the witches' voices, and Drool snoring, but they seemed distant, as if down a tunnel. â€Å"Poison,† said the witch. That was the last I heard from her. The room was gone, and I found myself sitting in a tree near a quiet river and a stone bridge. It was autumn, I could tell, as the leaves were turning. Below me a girl of perhaps sixteen was washing clothes in a bucket on the riverbank. She was a tiny thing, and I would have thought her a child by her size, but her figure was quite womanly – perfectly proportioned, just a size smaller in scale than most. The girl looked up, as if she heard something. I followed her gaze down the road to a column of soldiers on horseback. Two knights rode at the head of the train, followed by perhaps a dozen others. They rode under my oak tree and paused their horses on the bridge. â€Å"Look at that,† said the heavier of the two knights, nodding toward the girl. I heard his voice as if it were in my own head. â€Å"Pretty little thing.† â€Å"Have her,† said the other. I knew the voice immediately, and with it I saw the face for who it was. Lear, younger, stronger, not nearly so grey, but Lear as sure as I'd ever seen him. The hawk nose, the crystal-blue eyes. It was him. â€Å"No,† said the younger man. â€Å"We need to make York by nightfall. We've no time to find an inn.† â€Å"Come here, girl,† called Lear. The girl came up the bank to the road, keeping her eyes to the ground. â€Å"Here!† barked Lear. The girl hurried across the bridge until she stood only a few feet from him. â€Å"Do you know who I am, girl?† â€Å"A gentleman, sir.† â€Å"A gentleman? I am your king, girl. I am Lear.† The girl fell to her knees and stopped breathing. â€Å"This is Canus, Duke of York, Prince of Wales, son of King Bladud, brother to King Lear, and he would have you.† â€Å"No, Lear,† said the brother. â€Å"This is madness.† The girl was trembling now. â€Å"You are brother to the king and you may have whom you want, when you want,† said Lear. He climbed off his horse. â€Å"Stand up, girl.† The girl did, but stiffly, as if she were bracing for a blow. Lear took her chin in his hand and lifted it. â€Å"You are a pretty thing. She's a pretty thing, Canus, and she is mine. I give her to you.† The king's brother's eyes were wide and there was hunger there, but he said, â€Å"No, we haven't time – â€Å" â€Å"Now!† boomed Lear. â€Å"You'll have her now!† With that Lear grabbed the front of the girl's frock and ripped it, exposing her breasts. When she tried to cover up he pulled her arms away. Then he held her and barked commands while his brother raped her on the wide stone rail of the bridge. When Canus had finished and fell breathless between her legs, Lear shouldered him aside then lifted the girl by the waist and threw her over the rail into the river. â€Å"Clean yourself!† he shouted. Then he patted his brother's shoulder. â€Å"There, she'll not haunt your dreams tonight. All subjects are property of the king, and mine to give, Canus. You may have any woman you want except one.† They mounted their horses and rode away. Lear hadn't even looked to see if she could swim. I couldn't move, I couldn't cry out. All during the attack on the girl I felt as if I'd been lashed to the tree. Now I watched her crawl naked from the river, her clothes in tatters behind her, and she curled into a ball on the riverbank and sobbed. Suddenly I was whisked out of the tree, like a feather on an errant wind, and I settled on the roof of a two-story house in a village. It was market day, and everyone was out, going from cart to cart, table to table, bargaining for meat and vegetables, pottery and tools. A girl stumbled down the street, a pretty little thing, perhaps sixteen or seventeen, with a tiny babe in arms. She stopped at every booth and showed them the babe, then the villagers would reward her with rude laughter and send her to the next booth. â€Å"He's a prince,† she said. â€Å"His father was a prince.† â€Å"Go away, girl. You're mad. No wonder no one will have you, tart.† â€Å"But he's a prince.† â€Å"He looks to be a drowned puppy, lass. You'll be lucky if he lives the week out.† From one end of the village to the other she was laughed at and scorned. One woman, who must have been the girl's mother, simply turned away and hid her face in shame. I floated overhead as the girl ran to the edge of town, across the bridge where she'd been raped, and up to a compound of stone buildings, one with a great soaring steeple. A church. She made her way to the wide double door, and there, she lay her baby on the steps. I recognized those doors, I'd seen them a thousand times. This was the entrance to the abbey at Dog Snogging. The girl ran away and I watched, as a few minutes later, the doors opened and a broad-shouldered nun bent and picked up the tiny, squalling baby. Mother Basil had found him. Suddenly I was at the river again, and the girl, that pretty little thing, stood on the wide stone rail of the bridge, crossed herself, and leapt in. She did not swim. The green water settled over her. My mother. When I awoke the witches were gathered around me like I was a sumptuous pie just out of the oven and they were ravenous pie whores. â€Å"So, you're a bastard then,† said Parsley. â€Å"And an orphan,† said Sage. â€Å"Both at once,† said Rosemary. â€Å"Surprised, then?† said Parsley. â€Å"Lear not quite the kind old codger you thought him, eh?† â€Å"A royal bastard, you are.† I gagged a bit, in response to the crones' collective breath, and sat up. â€Å"Would you back off you disgusting old cadavers!† â€Å"Well, strictly speakin', only Rosemary's a cadaver,† said the tall witch, Parsley. â€Å"You drugged me, put that nightmare vision in my head.† â€Å"Aye, we did drug you. But you was just looking through a window to the past. There was no vision except what happened.† â€Å"Got to see your dear mum, didn't you?† said Rosemary. â€Å"How lovely for you.† â€Å"I had to watch her raped and driven to suicide, you mad hag.† â€Å"You needed to know, little Pocket, before you went on to Dover.† â€Å"Dover? I'm not going to Dover. I have no desire to see Lear.† Even as I said it I felt fear run down my spine like the tip of a spike. Without Lear, I was no longer a fool. I had no purpose. I had no home. Still, after what he had done, I would have to find some other means to make my way. â€Å"I can rent out Drool for plowing fields and hoisting bales of wool and such. We'll make our way.† â€Å"Maybe he wants to go on to Dover.† I looked over to Drool, who I thought to still be asleep by the fire, but he was sitting there, staring at me wide-eyed, as if someone had frightened him and he'd forgotten how to talk. â€Å"You didn't give him the same potion you gave me, did you?† â€Å"It was in the wine,† said Sage. I went to the Natural and put my arm around his shoulder, or, as far around as I could reach, anyway. â€Å"Drool, lad, you're fine, lad.† I knew how horrified I had been, with my superior mind and understanding of the world. Poor Drool must have been terrified. â€Å"What did you wicked hags show him?† â€Å"He had a window on the past just like you.† The great oaf looked up at me then. â€Å"I was raised by wolfs,† said he. â€Å"Nothing can be done now, lad. Don't be sad. We've all things in our past we were better not remembering.† I glared at the witches. â€Å"I ain't sad,† Drool said, standing up. He had to stoop to avoid hitting his head on the roof beams. â€Å"My brother nipped at me 'cause I didn't have no fur, but he didn't have no hands, so I throwed him against a tree and he didn't get up.† â€Å"You're but a pathetic dimwit,† said I. â€Å"You can't be blamed.† â€Å"My mum only had eight teats, but after that there was only seven of us, so I got two. It were lovely.† He didn't really seem that bothered by the whole experience. â€Å"Tell me, Drool, have you always known you were raised by wolves?† â€Å"Aye. I want to go outside and have a wee on a tree, now, Pocket. You want to come?† â€Å"No, you go, love, I'm going to stay here and shout at the old ladies.† Once the Natural was gone I turned on them again. â€Å"I'm finished doing your bidding. Whatever politics you want to engineer I'll have no more part of it.† The crones laughed at me in chorus, then coughed until finally Rosemary, the greenish witch, calmed her breath with a sip of wine. â€Å"No, lad, nothing so sordid as politics, we're about vengeance pure and simple. We don't give a weasel's twat about politics and succession.† â€Å"But you're evil incarnate and in triplicate, aren't you?† said I, respectfully. One must give due. â€Å"Aye, evil is our trade, but not so deep a darkness as politics. Better business to dash a suckling babe's brains upon the bricks than to boil in that tawdry cauldron.† â€Å"Aye,† said Sage. â€Å"Breakfast, anyone?† She was stirring something in the cauldron, I assumed it was the leftover hallucination wine from the night before. â€Å"Well, revenge, then. I've no taste left for it.† â€Å"Not even for revenge on the bastard Edmund?† Edmund? What a storm of suffering that blackguard had loosed upon the world, but still, if I never had to see him again, couldn't I forget about his damage? â€Å"Edmund will find his just reward,† said I, not believing it for a second. â€Å"And Lear?† I was angry with the old man, but what revenge would I have on him now? He had lost all. And I had always known him to be cruel, but so long as his cruelty didn't extend to me, I was blind to it. â€Å"No, not even Lear.† â€Å"Fine, then, where will you go?† asked Sage. She pulled a ladle of steaming liquid from the pot and blew on it. â€Å"I'll take the Natural into Wales. We can call at castles until someone takes us in.† â€Å"Then you'll miss the Queen of France at Dover?† â€Å"Cordelia? I thought bloody fucking froggy King Jeff was at Dover. Cordelia is with him?† The hags cackled. â€Å"Oh no, King Jeff is in Burgundy. Queen Cordelia commands the French forces at Dover.† â€Å"Oh bugger,† said I. â€Å"You'll want to take them poisons we fixed for you,† said Rosemary. â€Å"Keep them on you at all times. A need for them will present itself.†

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture Essay

There were many ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Ellington was in time known as the greatest composer in jazz, he wrote roughly 2,000 compositions that had arranged from solo piano pieces, to works for orchestra’s, to highly symphonic concert music, etc. Ellington made a lot of changes to make the perfect sound, he used a variety of mutes on brass instruments to achieve more interesting tonal effects, often gave melodies to instruments that were not typically melodic instruments, and he used cross-sectional voicing. Ellington created an orchestra in the early 1940’s which later became known as his â€Å"Favorite Orchestra†. Describe why Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Basie made the rhythm section to â€Å"breathe† which helped compliment instead of duplicate, as well as having the drummer Jo Jones who played the high hat cymbal style. With this Basie had created the All-American Rhythm section which was known at the first modern rhythm section because Basie had created such an amazing rhythm section to go with the rest of his band it was solid. Describe some of the reasons why the swing era began and why it came to an end. There were many reasons why the swing era had begun and why it had come to an end. The beginning of the swing era started from a band called the Benny Goodman Orchestra. They traveled around on tour to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom wanted to hear the music that had been broadcasting and this began the swing era. The swing era decided to collapse with a shocking suddenness, with bands all over closing up their bags and shutting down. The swing era had suddenly ended from changing economics, the war, predictability, the changing audience, and bebop all of this had ended what was known as the swing era. Describe how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were different. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were very different throughout the swing era. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had emerged during the swing era. Considerably different, Hawkins played a huge dark sound, whereas Young’s was light and breathy. Some of the differences were as follows; Hawkins improvisations were based on his superior knowledge of harmony, Young’s were rooted in the blues, Hawkins played with a rhythmic approach that was always closely tied to the beat, and Young’s rhythmic conception was much looser, and often untied to the beat. Although they had many differences, they inspired sax players for years to come. The arranging styles of Ellington and Basie are quite different when put next to each other to compare and contrast. In the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington the rhythm section of the band is very on point, and broad it is a stand out section and wants to make their point. They are very loud obnoxious and want to make you want to dance. For the â€Å"One O’clock Jump† by Count Basie the rhythm section is very low key and mellow, although very good and has a good beat, more of a song to have a mellow night to or to hangout and relax to. I prefer the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington, because I like to dance and it more fits my personality of a loud and obnoxious fun song.

Problem in Rising Price of Commodity in World Essay

India is faced today with one of the most critical economic situations. At no other time did Indians witness the horrible phenomenon of spiraling prices as they do today, prices are soaring like rackets and each day one finds a rise in prices of more or less all essential commodities. Inflationary pressures are doing plenty of mischief and the people of middle class families are finding it a Himalayan task to make both ends meet. In a developing economy, prices usually display an upward trend. But if prices keep rising persistently, they cause great hardship to the people. They spare neither the rich nor the poor, neither the producers nor the consumer. They make a economic activities uncertain and unstable, causing great unrest in the minds of the people. Prices are expressed in terms of money. When the rupee or any other currency buys much less than what it used to, and more is to be paid for practically every item, then the problem of rising prices comes into being. In economic terminology it is known as ‘Inflation’. Where the balance between money supply on the one hand and goods and services on the other is disturbed, a critical problem arises. If money supply increases more than goods and services available prices will rise. The fixed-income groups like salaried people, wage-earners and pensioners are the most helpless victims of inflation. As prices rise, their real income gets eroded. The additional dearness allowance which the government sanctions from time to time proves of no use to them, because their purchasing power actually goes down. Inflation induces businessmen to invest their money in nonproductive assets like gold and land whose real worth is not affected by rising-prices. High prices also adversely affect the exports of the country and distort the balance of foreign trade. In a developing economy a certain rise in prices in inevitable for at least three major reasons. First, the programmes of economic development generate larger employment and money incomes and these increase the demand for basic consumer goods and services. The new incomes are not proportionately reflected in saving because a majority of the beneficiaries have to spend most of the additional money they get on satisfying unfulfilled needs. Secondly, the same programmes of economic development as generate the new money incomes push-up the demand for certain goods wanted also by the consumer, such as agricultural products, fuel, housing materials and the like. A third reason, of which the first two may be looked upon as special cases, is the large increase in currency in emulation and the operation of the law of supply and demand. Unless the production of basic consumer goods keeps pace with the increase in currency that is rendered inevitable by large scale, long term planning, prices are bound to rise even of the production of consumer goods is maintained at the old level. Numerous factors can be cited to explain price rise in India First, our economic planning has suffered from serious drawback, right from the beginning. During the various Five-Year Plans, while the public expenditure persistently increased, the production targets were never realized. Secondly, this forced the Government to resort to deficit financing. The resulting imbalance inevitably led to inflation. The Third, major factor responsible for price rise is that due to great emphasis laid on heavy industries in our Five-Year-Plans, agriculture and consumer goods industries, which produce the items required by the people, have received insufficient attention. Consequently, agricultural production has not kept pace with consumption. Fourthly, in an underdeveloped economy like ours, the first increases in income always tend to be expended on food articles. In other words, the level of consumption tends to increase with increases in income. The cumulative effect is a growing pressure on prices. Fifthly, there is a tremendous increase in population. About ten million new mouths are to be fed every year. Sixthly, there are psychological factors that push up the prices. Continually rising prices give rise to rising expectations, with the result that farmers and stockiest tend to hoard more and more stocks, anticipating further increase in prices. Seventhly, there has been very heavy taxation on the public—both direct and indirect. In an underdeveloped country like ours, this adds to the inflationary pressure for number of reasons. Heavy taxes on industries are ultimately passed on to the consumers, thus increasing their cost of living. Heavy taxation also discourages greater production. Defective tax-structure has encouraged tax-evasion and accumulation of black money and smuggling. Eighthly, majority of Indians have no community consciousness. There is no organized consumer resistance to price rise. The Ninth factor is the faulty distribution and marketing system. Last, but not the least, was the international factor, increase of oil prices in the international market. In order to solve this difficult problem, some drastic steps must be taken. First, the entire strategy of planning should be changed. There should be equal attention on heavy industries and agriculture and consumer goods. Secondly, the mounting governmental administrative expenditure should be drastically curtailed as it is mostly wasteful and non-development expenditure. Thirdly, tax burdens on the public should be reduced. And finally, no hoarder, profiteer or black marketer should be left with impunity. Unless they are crushed with a heavy hand, the common man is bound to suffer. Our government is quite conscious of the magnitude and implications of the problem. It has already initiated a number of steps to check inflationary tendencies. What we now need is a strict enforcement of these steps. Apart from accelerating growth and imposing curbs on money supply, we need an effective distribution system. We also need the support of the social workers and other public minded citizens to keep a watch on the unethical practices of shopkeepers.. But nothing can mitigate the situation unless the growth of our population is checked.

Adverse possession makes it de facto

Adverse possession makes it de facto Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Adverse possession makes it de facto It is the policy of the Limitation Acts that those who go sleep upon their claims should not be assisted by the courts in recovering their property, but another, and I think equal policy behind these acts, is that there shall be an end to litigation. Irish law interprets a person’s right to land as being based on the fact that another person cannot claim a better title over it. Thus in Ireland the person usually with the best title to land, is the person whose title vests in possession. This is why the courts recognise a person who has had control of land for twelve years or more, even if it’s adverse possession to be the rightful owner. Adverse possession has been described as primitive and outmoded, however as this essay will show that it is still as relevant and important today as it was when it was created. Elements of adverse possession 1.1 To encourage owners not to sit on their rights Prevention of stale claims Quieten title s and facilitated conveyance Boundary disputes Adverse possession and registered land Economic impact of adverse possession Irish reactions to Pye, Law Reform Commission Reports. Possible ways to improve and enhance adverse possession. 5.1 Alternative Dispute Resolution. 5.2 Sharing the costs 5.3 Penalties To encourage owners not to sit on their rights The equitable maximum of, â€Å"Vigilantibus non dormientibus, jura subveniunt† is seen as a way of encouraging paper owners to utilise their land to the best of its abilities, as land is seen as a vital natural resource, and if they fail or neglect to do this then a squatter who is prepared to make use of the land has a legal right to take possession from the paper owner. See the comments of Lyall.   [ 4 ]    The law cannot be expected to protect the interests of a landowner who either has failed or even has no interest in the current state of his land, or where the owner has just not taken action in time to prevent the li mitation period from running out. However there is a need to be careful when courts do apply this maximum strictly, as it can lead to unjust outcomes, particularly where the paper owner had in mind a future use for the land, because it can be difficult to figure out whether the adverse possessors use of the land or the real owners future use of the land will yield the most benefits. This is what happed in the case of Pye   [ 5 ]   and resulted in the loss of land worth around thirty five million. Nueberger J discussed the â€Å"sleeping Theory† and found there to be no justification in the circumstances, where the paper owner â€Å"was content to let another person trespass on the land for the time being.† The judge could find no logic in the court’s decision here. The case contradicted the previously held believe that there could be no adverse possession, once the paper owner had a future use in mind.   [ 6 ]